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On the mechanical properties and damage mechanism of concrete, scholars all over the world have carried out extensive research and achieved fruitful results. Yu et al.5 carried out full area and local area multiaxial compression tests on ordinary concrete, compared the failure modes of concrete under different loading conditions, and proposed the failure criteria of ordinary concrete under local load based on the true triaxial compression test data. Zingg et al.6 studied the influence of cement matrix porosity on the triaxial properties of concrete under high confining pressure, and considered that the contribution of cement matrix porosity to concrete strength decreased under high confining pressure, which enriched the research results of triaxial compression of mass ordinary concrete. Wang et al.7 studied the influence of water saturation and loading rate on the performance of dam concrete under biaxial compression, and considered that the ultimate strength of dry and saturated concrete increased with the increase of strain rate, while the damage pattern and ultimate strength were closely related to the magnitude of lateral pressure exerted on the specimen. The dynamic failure criterion was proposed to characterize both the effects of strain rate and water content on the ultimate strength of dam concrete under biaxial compressive stress states. Tian et al.8 studied the damage characteristics of concrete under uniaxial compression using X-ray computed tomography (CT), The process of concrete crack initiation, propagation, penetration and failure under uniaxial compression was given by using CT imaging technology, and the damage fracture zoning theory for quantitative analysis of concrete damage evolution was proposed by using CT. With the continuous development of computer technology, numerical simulation method has been widely used in the study of mechanical damage characteristics of materials. Ansari et al.9 used particle flow code (PFC) software based on discrete element method to simulate the performance of pervious concrete specimens with different aggregate size and void ratio. By comparing with the test results, the reliability of using discrete element method to simulate the mechanical properties of pervious concrete was proved. Lian et al.10 used PFC to simulate the mechanical behavior of porous concrete under compression and tension. The accuracy and effectiveness of the simulation were verified by comparing with the experimental results and empirical formula. Huang et al.11 used the particle flow code (PFC) to simulate the strength failure behavior of three non- coplanar specimens under uniaxial loading, and four typical crack merging modes were determined, namely shear, tension shear mixing and tension. Through the analysis of the force field and displacement field, the evolution mechanism of cracks around the holes of granite specimens was revealed. In the framework of PFC, Song et al.12 proposed a three-dimensional multi-level stress corrosion model (MSC) to reproduce the mechanical properties of brittle geo materials and concrete under multi-level cyclic compression loading. The simulation results of MSC model are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that the MSC model can reproduce the cyclic loading mechanical properties of concrete specimens under different maximum and minimum load levels.
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